2022 Federal Election

Updated: Thu, 16 Jun 2022 3:27:56 PM AEST

Cooper, VIC

This table provides the current two candidate preferred (TCP) count for the division. The data includes swing - a comparison of the percentage of TCP votes received at the previous federal election compared to the current federal election.

Notes:

  1. Two candidate preferred or TCP is a count of the two leading candidates only. Votes are recorded for a particular candidate if the preference on the ballot paper for that candidate is higher than the alternative TCP candidate, regardless of other preferences. The TCP count ultimately determines who wins the seat.
  2. The term 'Previous election' may not relate to actual results from the last event. Redistributions of electoral boundaries are taken into account and may produce notional results for any electoral division in a redistributed state or territory. See www.aec.gov.au/redistribution for further information.
  3. These results are final.
Two candidate preferred (TCP) for Cooper (VIC)
Candidate Party Votes Margin This election (%) Previous election (%) Swing (%) Status
LIDDLE, CelesteThe Greens38,744-16,26241.3335.17+6.16 
KEARNEY, GedAustralian Labor Party55,00616,26258.6764.83-6.16Elected

This table provides the number of first preference votes received for all candidates in the division. The data includes swing - a comparison of the percentage of first preference votes received at the previous federal election compared to the current federal election.

This table is sortable by selecting on column headers.

Notes:

  1. These results are final.
First preference count for the division of Cooper (VIC)
Candidate Party Votes % Swing (%) Status
BANGAAR, Rabin Animal Justice Party 2,207 2.35 -0.20  
LARKIN, Kath Victorian Socialists 3,250 3.47 -0.75  
LIDDLE, Celeste The Greens 25,648 27.36 +6.43  
WHITEHEAD, Adrian FUSION: Science, Pirate, Secular, Climate Emergency 1,585 1.69 +1.69  
ATKINSON, Jadon Liberal 15,329 16.35 -3.25  
LA ROSA, Adam United Australia Party 4,170 4.45 +2.48  
TURNER, William Tristan Pauline Hanson's One Nation 2,807 2.99 +2.99  
KEARNEY, Ged Australian Labor Party 38,754 41.34 -5.52 Elected
...... Reason Australia 0 0.00 -2.15  
...... Other 0 0.00 -1.72  
Formal   93,750 95.74 +0.66  
Informal   4,169 4.26 -0.66  
Total   97,919  

Two party preferred
Party / Coalition Votes % Swing
Liberal/National Coalition 23,007 24.54 +0.75
Australian Labor Party 70,743 75.46 -0.75

This table provides the number and percentage breakdown of first preference votes received by vote type for the division.

This table is sortable by selecting on column headers.

Notes:

  1. An ordinary vote is a vote cast by an elector when their name can be verified on the electoral roll at the place of voting. This can be at an early voting centre or polling place in the voter's own division or at an interstate voting centre.
  2. An absent vote is a vote cast at a polling place outside of a voter's electoral division, but still within their state or territory.
  3. Provisional votes are votes cast at a polling place where the elector's name cannot be found on the roll, the elector's name has already been marked off the roll or votes cast by a silent elector.
  4. These results are final.
First preferences by vote type
Candidate Party Ordinary Absent Provisional Declaration pre-poll Postal Total Status
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
BANGAAR, Rabin Animal Justice Party 1,495 2.09 147 3.72 8 2.49 119 3.42 438 3.05 2,207 2.35  
LARKIN, Kath Victorian Socialists 2,788 3.89 123 3.12 12 3.74 99 2.85 228 1.59 3,250 3.47  
LIDDLE, Celeste The Greens 20,025 27.95 1,438 36.43 98 30.53 963 27.71 3,124 21.75 25,648 27.36  
WHITEHEAD, Adrian FUSION: Science, Pirate, Secular, Climate Emergency 1,184 1.65 62 1.57 6 1.87 77 2.22 256 1.78 1,585 1.69  
ATKINSON, Jadon Liberal 11,200 15.63 504 12.77 48 14.95 621 17.87 2,956 20.58 15,329 16.35  
LA ROSA, Adam United Australia Party 3,175 4.43 213 5.40 17 5.30 211 6.07 554 3.86 4,170 4.45  
TURNER, William Tristan Pauline Hanson's One Nation 2,008 2.80 157 3.98 6 1.87 154 4.43 482 3.36 2,807 2.99  
KEARNEY, Ged Australian Labor Party 29,771 41.55 1,303 33.01 126 39.25 1,231 35.42 6,323 44.03 38,754 41.34 Elected
Formal   71,646 95.58 3,947 94.54 321 95.25 3,475 95.05 14,361 97.07 93,750 95.74  
Informal   3,310 4.42 228 5.46 16 4.75 181 4.95 434 2.93 4,169 4.26  
Total   74,956 76.55 4,175 4.26 337 0.34 3,656 3.73 14,795 15.11 97,919 90.16  

This table provides the number and percentage breakdown of two candidate preferred (TCP) votes received by vote type for the division.

This table is sortable by selecting on column headers.

Notes:

  1. Two candidate preferred or TCP is a count of the two leading candidates only. Votes are recorded for a particular candidate if the preference on the ballot paper for that candidate is higher than the alternative TCP candidate, regardless of other preferences. The TCP count ultimately determines who wins the seat.
  2. An ordinary vote is a vote cast by an elector when their name can be verified on the electoral roll at the place of voting. This can be at an early voting centre or polling place in the voter's own division or at an interstate voting centre.
  3. An absent vote is a vote cast at a polling place outside of a voter's electoral division, but still within their state or territory.
  4. Provisional votes are votes cast at a polling place where the elector's name cannot be found on the roll, the elector's name has already been marked off the roll or votes cast by a silent elector.
  5. These results are final.
Two candidate preferred result by vote type
Candidate Party Ordinary Absent Provisional Declaration pre-poll Postal Total Status
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
LIDDLE, Celeste The Greens 29,599 41.31 2,098 53.15 144 44.86 1,627 46.82 5,276 36.74 38,744 41.33  
KEARNEY, Ged Australian Labor Party 42,047 58.69 1,849 46.85 177 55.14 1,848 53.18 9,085 63.26 55,006 58.67 Elected

This table provides a list of the polling places in the division and the time and date of the most recent updated results for that polling place.

This table is sortable by selecting on column headers and you can find polling place results by selecting on the name of the polling place.

Notes:

  1. These results are final.
Polling places for Cooper (VIC)
Polling place Street address First preference returned Two candidate preferred (TCP) returned
Alphington Alphington Primary School, 26 Yarralea St, ALPHINGTON VIC 3078 Wed, 25 May 2022 12:19:48 PM AEST Wed, 25 May 2022 12:19:48 PM AEST
Bell Bell Primary School, 78A Oakover Rd, PRESTON VIC 3072 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 11:55:52 AM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 11:55:52 AM AEST
Bundoora (Cooper) Bundoora Secondary College, 53 Balmoral Ave, BUNDOORA VIC 3083 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 12:07:09 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 12:07:09 PM AEST
Bundoora South Institute for Advanced Study, NR 8, Trott Ave and Garden View Dr, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3083 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 11:37:35 AM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 11:37:35 AM AEST
Coburg Lake (Cooper) Lake Park Kindergarten, 20a Carr St, COBURG NORTH VIC 3058 Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:50:08 AM AEST Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:50:08 AM AEST
Croxton Croxton Uniting Church, 326 St Georges Rd, THORNBURY VIC 3071 Mon, 13 Jun 2022 5:20:47 PM AEST Mon, 13 Jun 2022 5:20:47 PM AEST
Darebin Northern School for Autism, 16-18 Gertz Ave, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 9:40:26 AM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 9:40:26 AM AEST
EAV Cooper PPVC AEC National EAV Centre, 10 Mort St, CANBERRA ACT 2601 Wed, 01 Jun 2022 12:53:52 PM AEST Wed, 01 Jun 2022 12:53:52 PM AEST
EAV COVID19 Cooper PPVC AEC National EAV2 Centre, 10 Mort St, CANBERRA ACT 2601 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 6:18:07 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 6:18:07 PM AEST
Edgar St Joseph the Worker Primary School Hall, 79 Wilson Bvd, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 1:54:50 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 1:54:50 PM AEST
Edgar North William Ruthven Secondary College, William Ruthven Primary School, 60 Merrilands Rd, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Thu, 26 May 2022 11:54:54 AM AEST Thu, 26 May 2022 11:54:54 AM AEST
Fairfield Fairfield Primary School, 5 Langridge St, FAIRFIELD VIC 3078 Tue, 14 Jun 2022 2:50:06 PM AEST Tue, 14 Jun 2022 2:50:06 PM AEST
Fairfield North Perry Street Child Care Centre, 129 Perry St, FAIRFIELD VIC 3078 Mon, 13 Jun 2022 9:01:51 AM AEST Mon, 13 Jun 2022 9:01:51 AM AEST
Greensborough COOPER PPVC 20 Main Street, GREENSBOROUGH VIC 3088 Fri, 10 Jun 2022 2:18:44 PM AEST Fri, 10 Jun 2022 2:18:44 PM AEST
Ivanhoe COOPER PPVC Ivanhoe Uniting Church, 15 Seddon St, IVANHOE VIC 3079 Sun, 12 Jun 2022 11:49:10 AM AEST Sun, 12 Jun 2022 11:49:10 AM AEST
Kingsbury Kingsbury Primary School, 1A Maryborough Ave, KINGSBURY VIC 3083 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 5:53:44 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 5:53:44 PM AEST
Melbourne COOPER PPVC Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre, Door 10, Halls 19 & 20, 1 Convention Centre Pl, SOUTH WHARF VIC 3006 Tue, 31 May 2022 5:12:55 PM AEST Tue, 31 May 2022 5:12:55 PM AEST
Mill Park COOPER PPVC Macedonian Orthodox Church St Petka, 281-285 Plenty Rd, MILL PARK VIC 3082 Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:56:12 AM AEST Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:56:12 AM AEST
Murray (Cooper) Newlands Senior Citizens Centre, 49-53 Murray Rd, COBURG VIC 3058 Wed, 25 May 2022 4:06:01 PM AEST Wed, 25 May 2022 4:06:01 PM AEST
Newlands Newlands Primary School, 2-26 Murphy St, PRESTON VIC 3072 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 11:58:40 AM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 11:58:40 AM AEST
Northcote St Joseph's Primary School, St Josephs Primary School, 39 James St, NORTHCOTE VIC 3070 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 6:06:00 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 6:06:00 PM AEST
Northcote Central Santa Maria College, 50 Separation St, NORTHCOTE VIC 3070 Thu, 26 May 2022 3:06:59 PM AEST Thu, 26 May 2022 3:06:59 PM AEST
Northcote COOPER PPVC Salvation Army Hall, 710 High St, THORNBURY VIC 3071 Thu, 16 Jun 2022 3:27:56 PM AEST Thu, 16 Jun 2022 3:27:56 PM AEST
Northcote North Northcote North Baptist Church Hall, 542 High St, NORTHCOTE VIC 3070 Thu, 26 May 2022 11:52:06 AM AEST Thu, 26 May 2022 11:52:06 AM AEST
Northcote South Westgarth Primary School, 311 Clarke St, NORTHCOTE VIC 3070 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 6:15:22 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 6:15:22 PM AEST
Northcote West Northcote High School, 19-25 St Georges Rd, NORTHCOTE VIC 3070 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 6:09:11 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 6:09:11 PM AEST
Preston Sacred Heart Catholic School, Sacred Heart Primary School, 1 Clifton Gr, PRESTON VIC 3072 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 12:17:41 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 12:17:41 PM AEST
Preston East The Pavilion School, 1-3 Sylvester Gr, PRESTON VIC 3072 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 5:55:44 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 5:55:44 PM AEST
Preston North East Preston North East Primary School, Preston North East Primary, 93 Tyler St, PRESTON VIC 3072 Thu, 26 May 2022 1:18:04 PM AEST Thu, 26 May 2022 1:18:04 PM AEST
Preston South Preston South Primary School, Gate 2, Young Street, PRESTON VIC 3072 Tue, 14 Jun 2022 3:19:45 PM AEST Tue, 14 Jun 2022 3:19:45 PM AEST
Preston West Preston West Primary School, 383 Murray Rd, PRESTON VIC 3072 Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:12:40 AM AEST Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:12:40 AM AEST
Regent Preston Primary School, 240 Tyler St, PRESTON VIC 3072 Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:36:59 AM AEST Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:36:59 AM AEST
Regent West St Raphael's Primary School, 68 Cooper Street, Preston West VIC 3072 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 9:17:21 AM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 9:17:21 AM AEST
Reservoir Reservoir Primary School, 1, 6/5 Duffy St, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 2:25:50 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 2:25:50 PM AEST
Reservoir Central St Gabriel's School, 237 Spring St, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 11:12:41 AM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 11:12:41 AM AEST
Reservoir COOPER PPVC Institute for Advanced Study, NR 8, Trott Ave and Garden View Dr, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3083 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 12:24:47 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 12:24:47 PM AEST
Reservoir East Jubilee Hall Holy Name Parish, 12 Robb St, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Thu, 26 May 2022 2:01:15 PM AEST Thu, 26 May 2022 2:01:15 PM AEST
Reservoir North Reservoir Views Primary School, 73-91 Hickford St, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 12:02:54 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 12:02:54 PM AEST
Reservoir North East East Reservoir Senior Citizens Centre, 7A Strathmerton St, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Thu, 16 Jun 2022 2:02:53 PM AEST Thu, 16 Jun 2022 2:02:53 PM AEST
Reservoir South St Mark's Hall, 21-25 Beatty St, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:28:19 AM AEST Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:28:19 AM AEST
Reservoir Upper Reservoir East Primary School, 58 Boldrewood Pde, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 5:09:46 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 5:09:46 PM AEST
Reservoir West Reservoir West Primary School, Reservoir West Primary, 5A Carrington Rd, RESERVOIR VIC 3073 Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:45:59 AM AEST Thu, 16 Jun 2022 10:45:59 AM AEST
Richmond COOPER PPVC Collingwood Masonic Hall, 141 Gipps St, ABBOTSFORD VIC 3067 Fri, 10 Jun 2022 11:02:24 AM AEST Fri, 10 Jun 2022 11:02:24 AM AEST
Thornbury Thornbury Primary School, 16-22 Hutton St, THORNBURY VIC 3071 Sat, 28 May 2022 3:07:22 PM AEST Sat, 28 May 2022 3:07:22 PM AEST
Thornbury East Penders Grove Primary School, 370 Victoria Rd, THORNBURY VIC 3071 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 10:00:15 AM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 10:00:15 AM AEST
Thornbury South Wales St Primary School, Wales St Primary School, 49 Wales St, THORNBURY VIC 3071 Wed, 15 Jun 2022 6:12:08 PM AEST Wed, 15 Jun 2022 6:12:08 PM AEST
Westgarth Anglican Church All Saints Parish Hall, Cnr Walker St and Little High St, Northcote VIC 3070 Sat, 28 May 2022 3:18:48 PM AEST Sat, 28 May 2022 3:18:48 PM AEST

This table provides the current two candidate preferred (TCP) count for each polling place in the division. The data includes swing - a comparison of the percentage of TCP votes received at the previous federal election compared to the current federal election.

This table is sortable by selecting on column headers and you can find polling place results by selecting on the name of the polling place.

Notes:

  1. Two candidate preferred or TCP is a count of the two leading candidates only. Votes are recorded for a particular candidate if the preference on the ballot paper for that candidate is higher than the alternative TCP candidate, regardless of other preferences. The TCP count ultimately determines who wins the seat.
  2. These results are final.
Two candidate preferred by polling place
Polling place Formal KEARNEY, Ged
Australian Labor Party
LIDDLE, Celeste
The Greens
Swing
Votes % Votes %
Alphington 1,211 738 60.94 473 39.06 -1.34
Bell 1,775 980 55.21 795 44.79 -6.49
Bundoora (Cooper) 307 186 60.59 121 39.41 -7.05
Bundoora South 772 510 66.06 262 33.94 -7.74
Coburg Lake (Cooper) 312 148 47.44 164 52.56 -14.16
Croxton 618 288 46.60 330 53.40 -12.51
Darebin 640 428 66.88 212 33.13 -3.90
EAV Cooper PPVC 11 10 90.91 1 9.09 -9.09
EAV COVID19 Cooper PPVC 506 270 53.36 236 46.64 53.36
Edgar 1,534 1,181 76.99 353 23.01 -0.52
Edgar North 1,029 752 73.08 277 26.92 0.66
Fairfield 1,832 1,018 55.57 814 44.43 -7.17
Fairfield North 980 593 60.51 387 39.49 -4.42
Greensborough COOPER PPVC 250 139 55.60 111 44.40 -0.61
Ivanhoe COOPER PPVC 2,285 1,300 56.89 985 43.11 -6.72
Kingsbury 997 647 64.89 350 35.11 -10.39
Melbourne COOPER PPVC 347 179 51.59 168 48.41 -5.72
Mill Park COOPER PPVC 628 414 65.92 214 34.08 -3.27
Murray (Cooper) 624 346 55.45 278 44.55 -4.98
Newlands 1,153 619 53.69 534 46.31 -7.50
Northcote 1,061 515 48.54 546 51.46 -7.77
Northcote Central 1,038 540 52.02 498 47.98 -7.42
Northcote COOPER PPVC 18,919 11,101 58.68 7,818 41.32 -4.67
Northcote North 998 504 50.50 494 49.50 -4.30
Northcote South 2,308 1,287 55.76 1,021 44.24 -6.18
Northcote West 1,033 508 49.18 525 50.82 -5.18
Preston 962 562 58.42 400 41.58 -11.20
Preston East 1,213 713 58.78 500 41.22 -10.23
Preston North East 1,054 701 66.51 353 33.49 -4.79
Preston South 815 447 54.85 368 45.15 -9.41
Preston West 1,662 1,021 61.43 641 38.57 -5.83
Regent 1,839 1,149 62.48 690 37.52 -7.66
Regent West 656 406 61.89 250 38.11 -2.05
Reservoir 1,369 756 55.22 613 44.78 -13.68
Reservoir Central 1,112 708 63.67 404 36.33 -8.25
Reservoir COOPER PPVC 4,170 2,646 63.45 1,524 36.55 -5.72
Reservoir East 787 512 65.06 275 34.94 -10.17
Reservoir North 1,702 1,086 63.81 616 36.19 -7.47
Reservoir North East 904 589 65.15 315 34.85 -3.81
Reservoir South 727 475 65.34 252 34.66 -3.12
Reservoir Upper 1,253 740 59.06 513 40.94 -11.25
Reservoir West 1,329 761 57.26 568 42.74 -12.40
Richmond COOPER PPVC 558 203 36.38 355 63.62 -19.86
Thornbury 1,670 805 48.20 865 51.80 -11.20
Thornbury East 1,726 995 57.65 731 42.35 -9.47
Thornbury South 2,211 1,186 53.64 1,025 46.36 -10.75
Westgarth 759 385 50.72 374 49.28 -7.46
ABSENT 3,947 1,849 46.85 2,098 53.15 0.00
PRE_POLL 3,475 1,848 53.18 1,627 46.82 0.00
POSTAL 14,361 9,085 63.26 5,276 36.74 0.00
PROVISIONAL 321 177 55.14 144 44.86 0.00
Division Total 93,750 55,006 58.67 38,744 41.33 -6.16

This table provides the full distribution of preferences by count for the division. The data includes the number and percentage of votes for each candidate at each count.

Notes:

  1. These results are final.
Full distribution of preferences
CountBANGAAR
Rabin
(AJP)
LARKIN
Kath
(VNS)
LIDDLE
Celeste
(GVIC)
WHITEHEAD
Adrian
(SOPA)
ATKINSON
Jadon
(LP)
LA ROSA
Adam
(UAPP)
TURNER
William Tristan
(ON)
KEARNEY
Ged
(ALP)
Total
Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%
First2,2072.353,2503.4725,64827.361,5851.6915,32916.354,1704.452,8072.9938,75441.3493,750
Second25215.9028918.2360438.11Excluded1046.56664.16412.5922914.451,585
Total2,4592.623,5393.7726,25228.0015,43316.464,2364.522,8483.0438,98341.5893,750
ThirdExcluded80332.6677831.641917.771807.321265.1238115.492,459
Total4,3424.6327,03028.8315,62416.674,4164.712,9743.1739,36441.9993,750
Fourth2257.571294.3431110.462,01767.82Excluded2929.822,974
Total4,5674.8727,15928.9715,93517.006,4336.8639,65642.3093,750
FifthExcluded3,50376.701503.283698.0854511.934,567
Total30,66232.7116,08517.166,8027.2640,20142.8893,750
Sixth1,73125.453,35149.26Excluded1,72025.296,802
Total32,39334.5519,43620.7341,92144.7293,750
Seventh6,35132.68Excluded13,08567.3219,436
Total38,74441.3355,00658.6793,750
               Elected  

This table provides the number and percentage of preferences to each two candidate preferred (TCP) candidate. The data includes which other candidate the preferences came from.

Notes:

  1. Two candidate preferred or TCP is a count of the two leading candidates only. Votes are recorded for a particular candidate if the preference on the ballot paper for that candidate is higher than the alternative TCP candidate, regardless of other preferences. The TCP count ultimately determines who wins the seat.
  2. These results are final.
Two candidate preferred preference flow
Candidate Party LIDDLE, Celeste
The Greens
KEARNEY, Ged
Australian Labor Party
Votes % Votes %
BANGAAR, RabinAnimal Justice Party1,54770.1066029.90
LARKIN, KathVictorian Socialists2,70883.3254216.68
WHITEHEAD, AdrianFUSION: Science, Pirate, Secular, Climate Emergency1,14171.9944428.01
ATKINSON, JadonLiberal4,86131.7110,46868.29
LA ROSA, AdamUnited Australia Party1,80643.312,36456.69
TURNER, William TristanPauline Hanson's One Nation1,03336.801,77463.20
First Preferences 25,648 39.82 38,754 60.18
Total 38,744 41.33 55,006 58.67

Profile of division of Cooper (VIC)
Elected member Kearney, G (ALP). Elected 2019.
Name derivation Named in honour of William Cooper, 1861-1941. Cooper was a Yorta Yorta man who, as a spokesman for Aboriginal people, called for direct representation in parliament, enfranchisement, land rights and federal control of Aboriginal affairs.
First proclaimed / election 2021/2019
Area 59 sq. kms
Demographic Inner Metropolitan
Pre-Election seat status Safe
Seat status Fairly Safe
Location The Division of Cooper consists of Darebin City Council, part of the Moreland City Council and part of the Yarra City Council.
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